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it's all about matters of the heart hi

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i'm nasa astronaut tracy dyson welcome

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to station life the focus of today's

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show is on matters of the heart as they

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relate to good cardiovascular health

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we'll take a look at how nasa keeps

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astronauts hearts healthy off the earth

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and we'll take a look at some of the

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research being done aboard the

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international space station that can

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cardiovascular disease including heart

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disease stroke and high blood pressure

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is the number one killer of men and

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women across america

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fortunately many studies have shown that

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healthy habits including good nutrition

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and exercise are important for

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maintaining a healthy heart here on

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earth

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those habits are even more important for

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astronauts on the international space

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station

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living in microgravity for six months

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changes our bodies in a number of ways

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without gravity we lose bone mineral

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density our muscles atrophy and our

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cardiovascular system gets weaker

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some of our studies have shown that in

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space the size and shape of our hearts

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may actually change

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which could make it difficult to do our

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jobs when we get back to earth or even

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land on mars

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on earth our heart and blood vessels are

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well adapted to work against the

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downward pull of gravity

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in space however there's a tendency for

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blood and other bodily fluids to

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accumulate in the upper body

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let's take a look at one of the

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consequences of this fluid shift

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we have recently identified that some

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astronauts experience changes in their

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vision which might be related to the

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cardiovascular system

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our hearts pump blood around our body

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through blood vessels special

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adaptations in our bodies ensure that

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fluid is evenly distributed despite the

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in space astronauts no longer experience

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the downward pull of gravity and the

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fluid in their bodies tends to move

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towards the upper body and the head

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our cranium is a rigid container as the

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fluid moves towards the head it causes

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the pressure inside the skull to rise

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this is known as increased intracranial

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pressure

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the optic nerve travels from the brain

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to the eye the increased pressure from

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the cranium travels down the nerve and

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affects the eye it causes the optic

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nerve to be squeezed in the optic disc

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where the optic nerve meets the eye to

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swell the back of the eyeball flattens

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as pressure builds behind it and the

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blood vessels in the back of the eyeball

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also swell

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these changes can affect the astronaut's

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vision one change is that the astronauts

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become farsighted a second change is

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that they can develop cotton wool spots

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which represent damage of the nerve

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fibers in the back of the eye these can

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cause discrete areas of vision loss

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nasa is working to understand and

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prevent these changes in astronauts

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which may also help us understand and

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prevent related vision changes here on

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one of the tools we have to study heart

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health aboard the space station is an

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ultrasound device which uses harmless

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sound waves to take images of the inside

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of our bodies

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those images can be viewed at the same

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time by researchers and doctors in

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mission control

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with minimal training on the ultrasound

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remote guidance techniques developed by

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nasa enabled astronauts to take detailed

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images of their own heart

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in our next segment we'll travel to a

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small community in brazil that has

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benefited from remote medicine

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techniques that were advanced by the

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research aboard the international space

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is a large state

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our territory is about the size of

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france and we consist of 853 units and

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municipalities

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there are large distances between our

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communities and many very isolated rural

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we are using new technology that impacts

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the quality of prenatal care and the

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diagnostic capacity of the primary care

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doctor in these situations involving

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providing medical care for people in

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remote locations like distant rural

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communities or the international space

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station can be difficult

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because trained medical personnel are

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not always available

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nasa research teams develop techniques

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that enable astronauts aboard the space

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station with minimal training to operate

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an ultrasound device using simple

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the ultrasound images are transmitted in

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real time to a doctor back on earth who

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can make medical decisions without

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actually being aboard the station

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these same techniques have been adapted

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for use with portable ultrasound devices

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in communities where expert medical care

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we are also incorporating the first aid

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and emergency care components improving

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first aid at the scene of the accident

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and enabling the use of ultrasound to

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communicate to the medical communication

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in the ambulance we can use ultrasound

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in various situations

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in those situations where time really

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matters in which you have little time to

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the idea of using ultrasound for

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healthcare is like an extension of the

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physical examination

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you are able to conduct the exam with

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much more detail

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and you can use it at the time to make a

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decision or you can use telemedicine

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platforms to obtain a second opinion

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and that is isolation

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we have a geographical barrier that is

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the san francisco river

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which is both a blessing for the region

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we live in a region where financial

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resources are few

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people do not have a lot of work but

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they are honest good people who do not

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have much opportunity

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so there are many needy people who need

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these resources and rely only on this

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this is a technology that helps us solve

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that was the case of a patient who came

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to the hospital with severe respiratory

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failure and the people realized she

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would die in just 20 to 30 minutes

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we ran we talked with dr parzelli who

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was training us to use the ultrasound he

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came and applied the ultrasound and

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discovered large amounts of fluid around

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her lungs and heart we performed the

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procedure and drained a lot of fluids

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in 20 minutes 10 minutes the woman

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immediately experienced an improvement

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and in half an hour was already walking

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it was like a miracle a rise and walk

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she was dying in front of us without

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this ultrasound was instrumental in

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all right ladies and gentlemen boys and

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girls space geeks from all over the

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world we have with us today a real treat

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dr koichi wakata from the japanese space

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agency and absolutely one of my favorite

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astronauts

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actually in fact wait a minute

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i have a list right here and i want to

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prove it

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oh great note tc's top 10 heroes of

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space travel look

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wow he's on there welcome quiche good to

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see you tracy here nice to see you too

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thank you for joining us on station life

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my pleasure you're always watching your

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program really glad to be here oh wow

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did you hear that i'm so excited that

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you i'm actually honored that you that

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you watch our show

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it's all about the space station you

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know yes

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yes this is wonderful to be able to

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explain how wonderful it is to to work

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and live on with the space station yes

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and then today what are we talking about

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today we're talking about cardiovascular

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health awesome yes and uh you know a

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thing or two about that

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yes we do exercise pretty much every day

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i was going to ask you on board did you

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work out every single day

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i did because it's uh

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not only you know to to keep you know my

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body healthy but also it's a very

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important psychological i think

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relaxation for me and then the best

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what is that

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the area device that we have on board

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yeah

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it's just sitting

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right next to the cupola windows it's

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probably the best view gym in the entire

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world absolutely yeah you can do the uh

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you know muscle strengthening exercise

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and at the same time you can see this

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beautiful you know home planet and what

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a wonderful place that's right because

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we have the cupola and we have that that

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big center window we call it windows 7

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and and then

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most days because the space station is

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oriented with the belly of the space

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station facing the earth which means

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that the cupola windows are facing the

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earth and there we are on the a red

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above it below however you want whatever

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your perspective is but anyways we're

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right in line looking out that window

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which seems to us like we're on a bench

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we're doing our bench press and we're

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looking out that window and i remember

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doing my exercise one day and i saw

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red soil go by and i'm like that's

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australia

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exactly

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you can practice geography at the same

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time

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can you tell us a little bit about

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sprint and what that was all about right

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spring exercise a new protocol and

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already several astronauts have tried

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that

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method and

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basically

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it uses the uh the prescription of uh

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like a higher intensity of exercise but

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the less volume or less number of

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exercise days for example like uh

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if i um onboard the space station seven

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years ago i pretty much exercised like

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running for 40 minutes in the same pace

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but here as far as cardiovascular is

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concerned we have like a sprint running

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like for 30 seconds sprint sprint and 15

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seconds rest another 30 seconds of run

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but it's only like six or seven minutes

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very short interval but high intensity

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training and you do that like three

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times a week instead of seven days a

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week wow and so it's like a smaller

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number of days of exercise but the

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higher intensity and that's part of the

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screen protocol so uh seven years ago

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when i was onboard a space station i

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used the previous protocol which i

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exercise every day but this time it's a

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most smaller amount of time actually but

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the results were pretty good i was able

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to walk right after landing and

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so i think this new protocol is working

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very well wow so if you compared when

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you were on board and landed seven years

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ago to to now when you did this new

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protocol and you exercise more and you

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had um probably more emphasis on the

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exercise because you have more

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equipment to work with

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a big difference did you notice

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as far as after landing i don't see very

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much difference so

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that means that's such a very efficient

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way to do exercise because if the

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results are the same and if you spend

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less time and exercise yeah that's uh

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that means it's a very efficient way of

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exercising so maybe we can utilize that

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in in the future when we go to you know

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beyond low earth orbit when we go to

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mars and then

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so a lot of new protocols are being

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tested onboard the station yeah and i

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can see where folks back here at home

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who don't have time to exercise

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pay attention to this because you can

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you can spend less time working out and

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get the same benefits as if you were

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working out for what two hours or

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something right right and you you have

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done just a tremendous amount of work

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cuichi not just in your most recent

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increment but throughout your career in

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the space program and you've been an

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asset to japan and to nasa and to the

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international space station and to

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station life so thank you so much for

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being here with us spending so much time

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sharing your stories we've just had a

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lot of fun with you so uh wish you all

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the best um as we go forward i'll see

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you you know probably in five minutes

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but

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thank you tracy so much for being here

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with us i enjoyed it thank you tracy

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but you're saying tracy

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okay

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so with all this exercise going on is it

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really working

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researchers and acers who are astronaut

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strength conditioning and rehabilitation

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specialists have made great progress

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before we had a full gym on the space

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station our astronauts needed quite a

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bit of recovery time back here on earth

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today our astronauts are coming home in

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excellent health my name is mark

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williams i'm the lead astronaut strength

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and conditioning coach

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on board the international space station

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we have three pieces of hardware we have

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a cycle which we call sevis

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we have a treadmill which is called t2

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and we have a resistive exercise device

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which is called a red and each

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device is specifically designed to do

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certain things for the astronaut we try

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to do one of those particular vices

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every other day

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one of them we're going to get a little

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bit better cardiovascular fitness out of

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it the other one we get a little bit

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more impact loading like running on the

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ground you get so that affects muscle

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it'll affect a little bit of bone

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does things

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those are the physiological aspects of

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it but then also

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making sure when they come home from a

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six-month flight that they don't come

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home like a bowl of jell-o you know

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they're they're going to lose muscle

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they're going to lose strength they're

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going to lose bone they're going to lose

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cardiovascular fitness

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but at the same time then we have to

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take them get them back to where they

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were before they left which is what we

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do in our post-flight period once they

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come home for about six to eight weeks

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and just get them prepared back to

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normal life you know doing their job

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work doing their family doing yard work

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have you ever been sedentary for a long

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period of time like lying in bed for a

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week because of an illness or surgery

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and then stood up quickly

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did you feel like you might fall or that

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not all your senses were functioning

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hi i'm dr john charles with nasa's human

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research program

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during the one year international space

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station mission nasa will conduct

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functional studies to gain insight into

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key physiological factors that

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contribute to changes in performance

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just like it would take minutes hours or

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even days for your body to acclimate to

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standing after lying in bed for weeks it

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takes time for an astronaut's body to

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acclimate to an environment with gravity

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after working without it for many months

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two tests will focus on post-flight

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tasks and procedures that will be vital

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for an exploration crew that has just

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landed on a planet after a prolonged

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period of weightlessness

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the functional studies will assess how

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the neurosensory networks eye hand

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coordination fluid distribution

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cardiovascular and skeletal muscle

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performance

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all work together to accomplish an

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integrated task or function

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researchers hope to compile a

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post-flight recovery timeline and

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develop and validate tests to define

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acceptable performance

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and define the linkage between

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physiological changes and functional

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capacity

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this information will be helpful for

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astronauts and researchers as they

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prepare for future long duration

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missions to asteroids mars and beyond to

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learn more about nasa's human research

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00:18:29,510 --> 00:18:28,230
so now let's hear from one of our

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00:18:32,150 --> 00:18:29,520
researchers who is studying the

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cardiovascular system off the earth for

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my name is stuart lee i'm the lead

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research scientist in the cardiovascular

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and vision laboratory at johnson space

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center

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so

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the astronauts in space flight is

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somewhat analogous to if you took one of

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us on the ground and told us not to

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exercise for a long period of time

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so space flight has allowed us to see

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the deconditioning effects and we can

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see all the negative things that could

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happen when you don't exercise when you

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don't do physical work every day that

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00:19:06,549 --> 00:19:05,440
we're actually genetically designed to

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do

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so i would say that cardiovascular

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health is important from the aspect of

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00:19:15,110 --> 00:19:13,120
the heart and the blood vessels are

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are the communication system in your

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body so the experiment that they're

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demonstrating in the background

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is the

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00:19:24,630 --> 00:19:22,720
the primary measurements in our

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00:19:26,870 --> 00:19:24,640
cardiovascular experiment called cardio

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00:19:30,070 --> 00:19:26,880
ox and it's primarily looking at the

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health and function of the arteries in

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your body in this particular case

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00:19:36,230 --> 00:19:34,559
they're scanning the brachial artery

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and we use that as a surrogate for the

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00:19:40,150 --> 00:19:37,679
arteries in your heart the coronary

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00:19:42,470 --> 00:19:40,160
arteries so we're able to see

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how they would respond to stress and

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obviously if they respond well then

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they're we've got good cardiovascular

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health and it has a good prognosis long

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00:19:54,070 --> 00:19:51,039
term for the health of the heart

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00:19:55,990 --> 00:19:54,080
so they're looking specifically at how

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00:19:58,150 --> 00:19:56,000
the the vessel

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uh expands and contracts with each

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00:20:03,990 --> 00:20:01,520
heartbeat and then we also we stress the

447
00:20:05,909 --> 00:20:04,000
vessel and we see how well it expands

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00:20:07,990 --> 00:20:05,919
those are key functions and in your

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00:20:11,029 --> 00:20:08,000
ability to adapt to stress uh when

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00:20:12,630 --> 00:20:11,039
they're exercising or um when you're

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00:20:14,789 --> 00:20:12,640
experiencing arthrostatic or

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00:20:16,630 --> 00:20:14,799
gravitational stress and so it gives us

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00:20:18,149 --> 00:20:16,640
a way that we can look at

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00:20:20,230 --> 00:20:18,159
throughout the mission and after the

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00:20:21,510 --> 00:20:20,240
mission held how the crew members are

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00:20:22,870 --> 00:20:21,520
responding to the space flight

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00:20:25,510 --> 00:20:22,880
experience

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00:20:26,950 --> 00:20:25,520
so cardiacs is looking good primarily at

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00:20:29,110 --> 00:20:26,960
the health and

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00:20:30,549 --> 00:20:29,120
and fitness as you as you might say

461
00:20:32,149 --> 00:20:30,559
other arteries

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00:20:33,830 --> 00:20:32,159
the unique part of cardio ox is we're

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00:20:34,789 --> 00:20:33,840
actually looking at five years after the

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00:20:37,510 --> 00:20:34,799
mission

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00:20:39,430 --> 00:20:37,520
so most experiments just look pre

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00:20:40,789 --> 00:20:39,440
some in in post-flight we're actually

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00:20:43,350 --> 00:20:40,799
interested in long-term health of the

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00:20:44,710 --> 00:20:43,360
crew members five years later

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00:20:46,070 --> 00:20:44,720
where their stress is involved with

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00:20:48,870 --> 00:20:46,080
space flight which might have caused

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00:20:50,950 --> 00:20:48,880
some issues for them spring is another

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00:20:53,990 --> 00:20:50,960
experiment that looks at cardiovascular

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00:20:56,950 --> 00:20:54,000
but it looks primarily at the

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00:20:59,350 --> 00:20:56,960
cardiovascular fitness end of things how

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00:21:01,430 --> 00:20:59,360
how hard you can work we call it bht max

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00:21:03,909 --> 00:21:01,440
or maximum oxygen consumption how hard

477
00:21:06,470 --> 00:21:03,919
you can get your body to work

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00:21:08,070 --> 00:21:06,480
during space and the vo2 max test is

479
00:21:09,830 --> 00:21:08,080
very good because it's an integrative

480
00:21:11,750 --> 00:21:09,840
test of the cardiovascular system it

481
00:21:13,430 --> 00:21:11,760
brings together all the function the

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00:21:15,669 --> 00:21:13,440
cardiovascular system so you can work as

483
00:21:18,070 --> 00:21:15,679
hard as possible so these

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00:21:19,510 --> 00:21:18,080
these experiments together give us an

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00:21:21,350 --> 00:21:19,520
idea of what's happening on the

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00:21:23,669 --> 00:21:21,360
functional side of things the sprint

487
00:21:25,669 --> 00:21:23,679
study and then on the the i don't want

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00:21:28,070 --> 00:21:25,679
to say pathological but on the health

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00:21:30,310 --> 00:21:28,080
side of things with cardio ox and then

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00:21:31,990 --> 00:21:30,320
with the cardiox twins experiment we're

491
00:21:34,230 --> 00:21:32,000
also then looking at how genetics

492
00:21:35,830 --> 00:21:34,240
affects those things

493
00:21:37,590 --> 00:21:35,840
my name is stuart lee i'm a lead

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00:21:39,669 --> 00:21:37,600
research scientist in my cardiovascular

495
00:21:41,990 --> 00:21:39,679
and vision laboratory at johnson space

496
00:22:17,990 --> 00:21:42,000
center we're working off the earth for

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00:22:22,549 --> 00:22:20,149
our international space station provides

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00:22:25,110 --> 00:22:22,559
an unprecedented research platform in

499
00:22:27,110 --> 00:22:25,120
space allowing doctors and scientists to

500
00:22:28,950 --> 00:22:27,120
conduct science experiments that can't

501
00:22:31,350 --> 00:22:28,960
be done anywhere else

502
00:22:33,270 --> 00:22:31,360
for nasa keeping our astronauts heart

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00:22:35,110 --> 00:22:33,280
healthy is vital for continuing the

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00:22:37,350 --> 00:22:35,120
journey off the earth

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00:22:39,510 --> 00:22:37,360
here on the earth the keys to good heart

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00:22:40,710 --> 00:22:39,520
health are good nutrition and vigorous

507
00:22:42,950 --> 00:22:40,720
exercise

508
00:22:44,230 --> 00:22:42,960
thanks for joining us on station life at

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00:22:46,149 --> 00:22:44,240
our behind the scenes look at

510
00:22:48,390 --> 00:22:46,159
cardiovascular research being done

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00:22:50,549 --> 00:22:48,400
aboard the international space station

512
00:22:52,070 --> 00:22:50,559
and as always be sure to follow us on

513
00:22:54,789 --> 00:22:52,080
facebook and twitter for the latest

514
00:22:57,510 --> 00:22:54,799
research news and download our app which

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00:22:59,909 --> 00:22:57,520
is legit on your mobile device until